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Puberty In Farm Animals

                         Puberty Derived from the Latin word “pubscere” means covered with hairs. Puberty is the stage when an animal is able to release viable gametes (ova in female and spermatozoa in the male) and shows complete sexual behavior sequences.  In a female, puberty is the age when the first estrus accompanied by ovulation occurs and females can support pregnancy without any deleterious effects. The ability of females to ovulate, conceive, and carry the pregnancy.  In a male, puberty is the age when first time ejaculated with a threshold number of spermatozoa enough for successful fertilization and manifest sexual behavior.  It occurs when an animal has reached a critical somatic development (Bodyweight) for each species or breed.  At puberty, an animal attains about 60% of its mature body weight.  Initiation of puberty is a function of animal age and body weight.  During the pre-pubertal period, the gro...
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Female Reproductive System Of Cow

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 Anatomy And Physiology Of Reproductive System : Female reproductive tract of various farm animals are similar to the cow but differ primarily in the shape of uterus and cervix. Female tract consists of : ➤Vulva  ➤Vagina ➤ Cervix  ➤Uterus ➤Uterine Horns ➤ Fallopian Tube ➤Ovaries Vulva  Exterior portion and opening of the female reproductive tract. The vulva is the exterior opening of the reproductive and urinary system. The exterior and the visible part of the vulva consists of two folds called the Labia Majora . The Labia Minora are the two folds located just inside the Labia Majora. Clitoris This organ is responsible for stimulating female orgasm. The clitoris is the sensory and erectile organ of the female(sensory organ analogous to the male's penis). It is located just inside the vulva. Stimulation of the clitoris causes contractions that move semen into the female reproductive tract. Vagina The vagina serves as the female organ of copulation (receptacle for the...
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Hypothalamus And Its Hormones

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  Hypothalamus is an ovoid mass located at the base of the brain. It is composed of many bilaterally paired nuclei (Cell bodies within CNS are called Nuclei). These Nuclei are separated by the medial portion of the Hypothalamus, the Third Ventricle of the brain. The pituitary Gland lies below Hypothalamus in a bony depression of Sphenoid bone, called as “Sella Tunica”. The hypothalamus is a small region located within the brain that controls many bodily functions, including eating and drinking, sexual functions and behaviors, blood pressure and heart rate, body temperature maintenance, the sleep-wake cycle, and emotional states (e.g., fear, pain, anger, and pleasure). Hypothalamic hormones play a pivotal role in the regulation of many of those functions. Because the hypothalamus is part of the central nervous system, the hypothalamic hormones actually are produced by nerve cells (i.e., neurons). In addition, because signals from other neurons can modulate the release of hypothalami...
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