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Breeding Season Of Farm Animals

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 BREEDING SEASON of FARM ANIMALS  In many species, the breeding activity of a female is affected by the seasons of the year. Such species are called Seasonal Breeders.  The period of the year when the breeding activity of females of a species is maximum is termed as Breeding Season. Monoestrus Animals  These are those animals that show heat signs only once during their breeding season. An example of a Monoestrus animal is Bitch. Polyester Animals  These are those animals that show heat signs more than once during their breeding season. Examples of Polyestrus animals are sheep, goats, mare, etc. Short-Day Breeders  These are species in which breeding activity increases as the day length decreases. Typical examples of Short-day breeders are Sheep and Goats. Long-Day Breeders  These are species in which breeding activity increases as the day length increases. A typical example of a Long-Day breeder is Mare. Sheep & Goats  In sheep & goats, the breeding season is autumn....
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Hypothalamus And Its Hormones

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  Hypothalamus is an ovoid mass located at the base of the brain. It is composed of many bilaterally paired nuclei (Cell bodies within CNS are called Nuclei). These Nuclei are separated by the medial portion of the Hypothalamus, the Third Ventricle of the brain. The pituitary Gland lies below Hypothalamus in a bony depression of Sphenoid bone, called as “Sella Tunica”. The hypothalamus is a small region located within the brain that controls many bodily functions, including eating and drinking, sexual functions and behaviors, blood pressure and heart rate, body temperature maintenance, the sleep-wake cycle, and emotional states (e.g., fear, pain, anger, and pleasure). Hypothalamic hormones play a pivotal role in the regulation of many of those functions. Because the hypothalamus is part of the central nervous system, the hypothalamic hormones actually are produced by nerve cells (i.e., neurons). In addition, because signals from other neurons can modulate the release of hypothalami...
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Puberty In Farm Animals

                         Puberty Derived from the Latin word “pubscere” means covered with hairs. Puberty is the stage when an animal is able to release viable gametes (ova in female and spermatozoa in the male) and shows complete sexual behavior sequences.  In a female, puberty is the age when the first estrus accompanied by ovulation occurs and females can support pregnancy without any deleterious effects. The ability of females to ovulate, conceive, and carry the pregnancy.  In a male, puberty is the age when first time ejaculated with a threshold number of spermatozoa enough for successful fertilization and manifest sexual behavior.  It occurs when an animal has reached a critical somatic development (Bodyweight) for each species or breed.  At puberty, an animal attains about 60% of its mature body weight.  Initiation of puberty is a function of animal age and body weight.  During the pre-pubertal period, the gro...
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